The Gendered Nexus between Conflict and Citizenship in Historical Perspective.

This chapter explores the association of citizenship with warfare. The chapter begins its historical exploration with the revolutionary wars of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It then addresses how different systems of government elaborated the gendered and militarized nexus of citizenship. It concludes by exploring the construction of gendered citizenship in international humanitarian law and human rights law. While feminist movements have made progress in establishing women as subjects—rather than objects—of international law, the feminist focus on eradicating war has been pushed to the margins. Thus, recognizing women as citizens with international rights continues to hinge on the nexus between gender and conflict.