-1770s - 1830s

Walter, Dierk. Preußische Heeresreformen, 1807–1870: Militärische Innovation und der Mythos der “Roonschen Reform". Paderborn: Schöningh, 2003.

Hewitson, Mark. The People’s Wars: Histories of Violence in the German Lands, 1820–1888. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Vandervort, Bruce. "Colonial Wars, 1815–1960." In European Warfare, 1815-2000, edited by Jeremy Black, 147-171. New York: Palgrave, 2002.

Hopkins, A. G. "Overseas Expansion, Imperialism, and Empire, 1815–1914." In The Nineteenth Century: Europe, 1789-1914, edited by T.C.W. Blanning, 210-240. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Schroeder, Paul W. "International Politics, Peace and War, 1815–1914." In The Nineteenth Century: Europe, 1789–1914, edited by T.C.W. Blanning, 158-209. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

van de Ven, Hans. "A Hinge in Time: The Wars of the Mid Nineteenth Century." In The Cambridge History of War, edited by Roger Chickering, Dennis Showalter and Hans van de Ven, 16-44. Vol. 4: War and the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Showalter, Dennis. "Europe’s Way of War, 1815–64." In European Warfare, 1815-2000, edited by Jeremy Black, 27-50. New York: Palgrave, 2002.

Landes, Joan B. Visualizing the Nation: Gender, Representation, and Revolution in Eighteenth-Century France. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.

Wawro, Geoffrey. Warfare and Society in Europe, 1792-1914. London: Routledge, 2005.

Frevert, Ute. "War." In A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Europe 1789–1914, edited by Stefan Berger, 417-431. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006.