-Imperial Conquest of Africa (1880-1914)

Whisnant, Clayton. "Masculinity and Homosexuality in Germany and the German Colonies, 1880-1945." Journal of the History of Sexuality 17, no. 1 (Special Issue) (2008): 1-137.

Riley, Glenda. Taking Land, Breaking Land: Women Colonizing the American West and Kenya, 1840-1940. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 2003.

Dighton, Adam. "Race, Masculinity and Imperialism: The British Officer and the Egyptian Army (1882–1899)." War & Society 35, no. 1 (2016): 1-18.

Schaller, Dominik J. "From Conquest to Genocide: Colonial Rule in German Southwest Africa and German East Africa." In Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History, edited by Anthony Dirk Moses, 296-324. New York: Berghahn Books, 2008.

Zimmerer, Jürgen, and Joachim Zeller. Genocide in German South-West Africa: The Colonial War (1904–1908) in Namibia and Its Aftermath. Monmouth, Wales: Merlin Press, 2008.

Bemporad, Elissa, and Joyce W. Warren. Women and Genocide: Survivors, Victims, Perpetrators. Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press, 2018.

Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.

Hobsbawm, Eric, and Terrence Ranger. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Vandervort, Bruce. "War and Imperial Expansion." In The Cambridge History of War, edited by Roger Chickering, Dennis Showalter and Hans van de Ven, 69-93. Vol. 4: War and the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Wawro, Geoffrey. "War, Technology, and Industrial Change, 1850–1914." In The Cambridge History of War, edited by Roger Chickering, Dennis Showalter and Hans van de Ven, 45-68. Vol. 4: War and the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.